The Genetically Engineered Foods Genetically Modified Foods

The Genetically Engineered Foods Introduction Genetic modification is a special gene technology that alters the genetic machinery of living organisms such as animals, plants, bacteria or other microorganisms. Foreign genes (genes from other organisms) combined and inserted into the original genetic codes are known as recombinant DNA technology and the resulting food is called genetically engineered food, genetically modified (GM) food or transgenic food. Human beings have bred plants and animals for thousands of years to produce the desired traits. It is an extremely protracted process depended on nature to produce the desired gene. Bioengineers then speed this process up by moving desired genes from one organism to another to make the†¦show more content†¦As of mid-1996, a total of 35 approvals had been granted to commercially grow 8 transgenic crops and one flower crop of carnation with 8 different traits in 6 countries plus the European Union (EU) [5]. In 2000, Vitamin A enriched golden rice was developed [6]. Curr ently, there are a number of food species available in the market in which a genetically modified version exists, such as cotton, soybean, canola, potatoes, eggplant, strawberries, corn, tomatoes, lettuce, cantaloupe, carrots. Some of the genetically engineered products are currently in the pipeline including medicines and vaccines, and feeds and fibers. Potential benefits Genetic engineering methods have been developed for over 30 years and have become commercially available and widely adopted since then. Genetically engineered foods have many potential advantages for improvement of agronomic, technological and utilitarian traits. Increased profits and environmental benefits Economic value of genetically engineered food to farmers in terms of raising agricultural productivity and reducing environmentally harmful risk is one of its major benefits [7]. For example, genetically engineered crops have improved traits of herbicide and pesticide tolerance, as well as insect, viruses and fungi resistance [8].

Comparing Gender And The Media - 936 Words

3.2 Gender and the Media. 3.2.1 The portrayal of men in films There are a variety of men portrayed in modern films: ranging from the most common â€Å"manly man† to the â€Å"goofball† to the slowly emerging more sensitive man: one who is more comfortable with stereotypically â€Å"female† emotions such as sadness. Men in films such as â€Å"The Hangover† fall into the â€Å"lad† category, characterized by their immaturity, and adolescent behavior (Moore 1998:209). Men are also portrayed as the â€Å"warrior†, or â€Å"hero† in films such as â€Å"Saving Private Ryan†, or â€Å"San Andreas respectively. Both films demonstrate male actors in traditionally male roles, saving the day, often rescuing women (more so in the latter than the former). Men are also portrayed as â€Å"players† or†¦show more content†¦MPDGs are said to help their men without pursuing their own happiness, and such characters never grow up; thus, their men never grow up. (Wikipedia) This trope is partic ularly disliked amongst feminists due to the portrayal of women as not only objects for the male to obtain, but also because of the negative light it shines on women. 3.2.3 The â€Å"narcissistic† man The narcissist is characterised by status – all the right labels, the best grooming, and the perfect wife (Fourie 2008:313). Many men in media are portrayed in this light, such as Don Draper from â€Å"Mad Men† who only wore the most expensive suits – both as a status symbol, and as a means of intimidating and impressing those in his field. The narcissist is also used often in adverts, such as George Clooney posing for Nespresso – these ads appeal to the narcissist who will view a Nespresso machine not only as a status symbol, but to make themselves appear more attractive through the acquisition of the machine. 3.2.4 The â€Å"yuppie† man The Yuppie must have. (Mort 1996:172). Yuppies are often portrayed as young, single men who make it their mission to have the best of everything – designer suits, sports cars, watches. TheyShow MoreRelatedSocial Media s Influence On Gendered Adolescents1506 Words   |  7 Pagesacross the 4 dimensions we have discovered and made the relation on how social media establishes such a significant influence on gendered adolescents. Teens rely heavily on social media in regards to establishing appropriate gendered behaviour. The consequence of this is media withholds a heteronormativity notion, which implies any romantic relationships consisting of opposite sexes are seen as abnormal. Therefore, social media exposes heavily of society’s norms and anything aside from what’s expectedRead MoreGender Inequalities Of Sports And Gender Inequality1468 Words   |  6 PagesGender Inequalities in Sport Men throughout history have been the dominant gender, from the times of hunting with stone weapons to the modern day metal and automated machines. Many negative connotations are thought of when comparing women to men like strength, but less so when comparing men to women. Is it the society’s view that women are weaker than men or is it a natural fact brought to light? In sports women experience many prejudices, but even so some sports are equal or even female dominantRead MoreThe Study Of Body Image1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe study of body image is a broad topic that touches many subjects including gender. However, the study of body image has been focused mainly on females. This is because the physical shape and image of male bodies have not changed over the history. From the ancient Greek until the modern era, the masculinity is the predominant stereotype for men. Masculine traits include courage, independence and assertiveness (Judith, 2001; Murray, 2000). In contrast to the male body, the female figures have beenRead MoreMedia And Its Effects On Society976 Words   |  4 Pagesaddicted to media. Used as a powerful source of knowledge and entertainment, media plays an enormous role in the development of human life and gender distinction. Through the use of media, guidelines consisting of generated ideas and ways of living, affect both men and women. This then creates an altered thinking process that leads to an environment susceptible of stereotyping and ridicule. For both sexes, this negative portrayal of media causes a constant downfall of self-image and media persuadedRead MoreThe Importance Of Equal Pay, Rights And Opportunity For Women Involved With Sports1629 Words   |  7 Pagesbased on the staggering numbers of women performing and displaying either equal or more in terms of success, achievement or work load and still are behind when comparing salaries between men and women. Hopefully, this podcast will shine some light on this subject and bring awareness. Based on prior research conducted the numbers are comparing the USA women s soccer. It is safe to say these figures and statistics show similar disparities in all sports with both women and men. Educating the readersRead MoreGender Roles And Issues Regarding Feminisms And Masculinity939 Words   |  4 PagesGender in Popular Culture Gender is very crucial element in the American popular culture. What comes in mind when we talk about gender in the American popular culture so many questions go through the mind. The questions will go back to the gender roles and issues concerning feminisms and masculinity. One may question any advantage of being a male to a female because this is where stereotypes are arising especially in the American popular culture. Many scholars have written on gender and culture;Read MoreSports Coverage And Its Effect On Women s Sports863 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the prevalence of the gender binary in our everyday lives, it is reinforced even further by the sports media that acts as a strong social influence. Additionally, sports media depicts gender inequality by creating a discriminatory system that favors men’s sports and regards women’s sports as a â€Å"second rate investment.† Lack of funding and lack of coverage have seemingly created a self-fulfilling prophecy for the future of women’s sports. Quantitative evidence from research completed by theRead MoreIdeological Critique Of The Media998 Words   |  4 PagesCritique It is often proposed that the western world is almost equal in terms of power relations within gender. The society may be moving towards equality, but the progress is yet slow. Furthermore, even though the society is changing, the media lags to reflect the power struggle taking place within society. While occupations are making great progress in diminishing inequality, the media still portrays messages that objectify women, and deprives them of the respect that is readily awarded to menRead MorePresentation Of The Presidential Election868 Words   |  4 Pagesdiverse results and will give us a variance in information. Our first main question is, â€Å"Has Hillary winning the nomination over Bernie caused you to vote differently†. We would select people for questioning through demographic characteristics such as: gender, age, ethnic background, academic status, political affiliation, and employment status. Through this our results will be easily dissected into accurate infor mation we can use to predict the outcome of the election. We can also measure the perceptionRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Women s Perceptions Of Image, Gender Roles, And Overall Self Worth Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesMedia plays a huge role in people’s perceptions of image, gender roles, and overall self worth. The media is constantly reinforcing limiting stereotypes through television, advertisements, films, and more. These stereotypes are especially geared towards women, suggesting that they have to look and act in an overtly feminine manner in order to be accepted by society. Though there are stereotypical qualities of men illustrated in media as well, they are mostly suggesting that men are dominant and

Statement The java.util.Vector

Question: Describe about the Statement the java.util.Vector class should not be used anymore? Answer: I agree with the statement that java.util.Vector class should not be used anymore. The Vector class can be replaced by the ArrayList class. Although Vector class andArrayList classare very similar in nature and both these classes represent an array that can grow dynamically. The Vector class has been in existence since the first version of JDK and the ArrayList class was introduced as a part of the collections framework in the Java 2 Standard Edition 1.2 (JDK 1.2). You can discover the accompanying javadoc remark for the Vector class: "As of the Java 2 stage v1.2, this class was retrofitted to actualize the List interface, making it an individual from the Java Collections Framework. Not at all like the new gathering executions, Vector is synchronized. In the event that a string safe usage is not required, it is prescribed to utilize ArrayList as a part of spot of Vector." The main difference between the two is that the all methods of the Vector class are synchronized, while methods of the ArrayList class are not synchronized, this means that the Vector class is thread-safe whereas the ArrayList class is not thread-safe. By synchronization we mean the ability to control the access of multiple threads to a common resource. Synchronization is based on an internal entity known as the lock or monitor. There is a lock associated with every object. A thread that needs consistent access to an object has to acquire a lock on the object before it can proceed, after getting the lock it can perform the tasks on the object and when it is finished with the task it releases the object and the object is free now. If a thread T2 asks for a lock while some other thread T1 has already taken the lock then the thread T2 will have to wait till the thread T1 releases the object. In simple terms synchronization means no two threads can simultaneously access the block/method of a class. The thread which approaches the object first for a lock takes the lock and till this lock is not released no other thread can access any of these synchronized block/methods. Vectorssynchronize on every individual operation. But this thing is something that you would never want to do. This activity hits the performance of the program very badly. Generally one would want to synchronize acomplete sequenceof operations rather than each individual operation. Synchronizing individual operations is not only less safe but slower also, why should we take a lock again and again when it is enough to take out a lock for the whole sequence of operation once. This approach has the overhead of locking when we do not require it. Therefore this approach to synchronization is flawed in most of the situations. The vector class joins the "resized show" gathering execution together with the "synchronize each operation", this is an alternate case of poor plan and does not give an acceptable division of concern. ArrayList which was introduced as a part of the collection framework should be preferred over the vector. ArrayList are by default not synchronized thus when we do not require the synchronization aspect it saves the overhead cost of synchronization. But when we have to consider the synchronization aspect, then we can use the methods in java.util.Collections. The Collections.synchronizedList() method can be used for achieving synchronization in the ArrayList. ArrayList can completely take place of the Vector and if more efficient. To put things straight we can: 1. Make use of the ArrayList if we do not require any bit of synchronization. 2. We can use the Collections.synchronizedList if we have to consider the synchronization aspect of the array. 3. We can use the CopyOnWriteArrayList if we have very few write operations and a significant no of read operations. But this approach creates an entirely new array on a write/add operation and hence it can be slow. 4. At last we can use the native Array if performance is a concern and synchronization is not required. One more difference between the Vector and the ArrayList is resizing. Both the objects hold the content using the native Array. Therefore when the Array is completely full and a new element is to be inserted then the Array is resized. The vector by default doubles the size of its Array, while the ArrayList increases the size of its Array by 50%.This could take a toll on the performance while adding new elements when the Array is full. We can show the difference between the two classes by comparing the performance of the two classes on same set of data and operations. In the program we take an ArrayList and a Vector and add elements to both and compare the time taken on both the objects. We also iterate over both the objects and find the difference in time of both. We find that the time taken by Vector is much more than that taken by the ArrayList. Code: /* * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates * and open the template in the editor. */ package javaapplication3; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * * */ public class ComparePerformance { private static final int SIZE = 1000000; private static final int RUNS = 500; private static final Integer ONE = Integer.valueOf(1); static boolean var = false; static class Run { private final ListInteger list; Run(final ListInteger list) { this.list = list; } public long addElem() { long startTime = System.nanoTime(); for (int i = 0; i SIZE; i++) { list.add(ONE); } return System.nanoTime() - startTime; } public long iterateElem() { long startTime = System.nanoTime(); for (int i = 0; i SIZE; i++) { var=list.isEmpty(); } return System.nanoTime() - startTime; } } public static void main(final String[] args) { long arrayListTotalAdd = 0L; long vectorTotalAdd = 0L; long arrayListTotalIterate = 0L; long vectorTotalIterate = 0L; for (int i = 0; i RUNS; i++) { if (i % 50 == 49) { System.out.println("Run " + (i + 1)); } arrayListTotalAdd += new Run(new ArrayListInteger()).addElem(); arrayListTotalIterate += new Run(new ArrayListInteger()).iterateElem(); vectorTotalAdd += new Run(new VectorInteger()).addElem(); vectorTotalIterate += new Run(new VectorInteger()).iterateElem(); } System.out.println(); System.out.println("Runs: "+RUNS+", list size: "+SIZE); output(arrayListTotalAdd, "List add"); output(vectorTotalAdd, "Vector add"); output(arrayListTotalIterate, "List iterate"); output(vectorTotalIterate, "Vector iterate"); } private static void output(final long value, final String name) { System.out.println(name + " total time: " + value + " (" + TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(value) + " " + "ms)"); long avg = value / RUNS; System.out.println(name + " average time: " + avg + " (" + TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(avg) + " " + "ms)"); } } References Bailey, D., Bailey, D. (2000).Java elements. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Cahoon, B., McKinley, K. (2005). Recurrence analysis for effective array prefetching in Java.Concurrency Computat.: Pract. Exper.,17(5-6), 589-616. doi:10.1002/cpe.851 Jacobson, N., Thornton, A. (2004). It is time to emphasize arraylists over arrays in Java-based first programming courses.ACM SIGCSE Bulletin,36(4), 88. doi:10.1145/1041624.1041666 Sarang, P. (2012).Java programming. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan free essay sample

The requisite fee alongwith the application/request could be paid by way of cash against proper receipt or by demand draft Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) is an autonomous organization of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports with its offices in 500 districts of India. NYKS is the largest grass-root level apolitical organization in the world, catering to the needs of more than 8 million non-student rural youth in the age group of 13-35 years enrolled through 2. lakh village based youth organizations called Youth Clubs in the areas covering education and training, awareness generation, skill development and self-employment, enterprise creation, thrift and cooperation, besides development of the body through sports and adventure and mind through sustained exposure to new ideas and development strategies. For organization of these activities, supervision, monitoring and evaluation, there are 47 Regional Offices and 18 Zonal Offices. In addition, programmes with active involvement and participation of rural youth in the areas such as Health, Family Welfare, HIV-AIDS, Drug Abuse, Poverty Alleviation, Child Labour, Environment, Enrichment, Literacy, Women Empowerment, Eradication of Social Evils and other issues of Local, National and International importance are being undertaken in the villages with emphasis on value, vision and voluntary action. We will write a custom essay sample on Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The basic idea behind the above strategy is to bring forth the rural youth into the mainstream of national development as active participants, responsible and productive citizens of modern and technological India, since the young people are not only a major human resource for development but also key agents for social change, economic development and technological innovation. Their imaginations, ideals, considerable energy and vision are essential in the continuing development of the society in which they live. The problems that young people face as well as their vision and aspirations are essential component of the challenge and prospects of today’s society and future generation. Consequently while paying focused attention on these aspects, NYKS has subsequently evolved emerged not merely as an organization, but as a rural youth movement in the country. The objects for which the Sangathan is established are :- ) To take over, manage, administer and run the existing Nehru Yuva Kendra; ii) To establish, run, manage and administer new Nehru Yuva Kendras anywhere in India and evaluate their working; iii) To promote and develop the concept of national . v) To function as a coordinating agency to link the youth with various departments/agencies integration, solidarity and secularism among the youth; iv) To involve the youth in programmes that would facilitate the organization of youth leadership training programme, community singing, cultural activities, work camps, sports activities, elf-help programmes, physical and Adult Education, character building and Co-operative movement etcof the Government administering programmes like Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), Self-Employment, Health and Family Welfare Programmes, Adult Education etc. vi) To create an awareness among the rural youth and providing them necessary guidance for taking advantage of various rural development programmes; To organize special training programmes for the functionaries in order to familiarize them with the programmes/schemes of various departments/agencies being implemented in rural areas; viii) To establish, run, manage and administer Regional offices of Sangathan anywhere in India; ix) To create administrative, technical and non-technical appointments, promotions and transfer thereto; x) To collaborate with State Governments, Union Territory Administrations and other Organizations in and outside India for furtherance of its objectives; xi) To advise the Government of India on all matters within its purview either suo-motto or on a reference from the Government; xii) To organize, sponsor, and finance seminars, conferences etc. n the field of youth and allied matters; xiii) To undertake, sponsor and encourage publication of journals and literature relating to youth; stipends in the implementation of these objects; xiv) To institute, offer and grant prizes, awards and stipends in the impl ementation of these objects; xv) To constitute Boards, Committees or other bodies as may be deemed fit and to prescribe their powers, functions, tenure etc; xvi) To accept and collect donations, grants and gifts and to undertake management of any endowment or trust and to make donations, grants and gifts for the purpose of these objects; xvii) To borrow and raise money with or without security of moveable and immoveable properties belonging to the Sangathan provided that the prior approval of the Government of India is obtained in that behalf; xviii) To acquire, purchase or otherwise own, take on lease or hire, moveable and immoveable properties and to sell, mortgage, transfer or otherwise dispose of any such moveable or immoveable properties, but the prior approval of the Government of India in respect of such immoveable properties shall be obtained; xix) To make Rules and Regulations for the conduct of the affairs of the Sangathan and to add, amend, vary or repeal them from time to time; xx) To maintain a ‘F und’ which shall be vested in the Sangathan; xxi) Generally to take all such measures as may be found necessary from time to time to achieve its objectives; and xxii) To do all such acts and things as the Sangathan may consider necessary, conducive or incidental to the attainment or enlargement of the aforesaid objects or any one of them. and other posts and to make. All the incomes, earnings, moveable or immoveable properties of the Sangathan Society shall be solely utilized and applied towards the promotion of its aims and objects only as set forth in the Memorandum of Association and no portion thereof shall be paid or transferred directly or indirectly by way of dividends, bonus profits or in any manner whatsoever, to the present or past members of the Sangathan Society or to any person claiming through any one or more of the present or the past members. No member of the Sangathan Society shall have any personal claim on any moveable or immoveable properties of the Sangathan Society to make any profits, whatsoever, by virtue of this membership. 5. The names, addresses, occupations and designations of the present members of the Board of Governors to whom the management of the Sangathan is entrusted, as required under